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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed drugs for ADHD, and appear to increase and regulate levels of brain chemicals. However, they don't solve the problem and will only help with symptoms as long as they are taken regularly. The side effects of ADHD medication can include changes in heart rate and blood pressure as well as upset stomach as well as anxiety and tics. Some children and teenagers who are taking stimulant drugs notice a slight reduction in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant for the central nervous system and the most commonly used drug for treating ADHD. It is available in a variety of forms, including a liquid chewable tablet as well as an oral disintegrating tablet, which acts long, and a pill with extended release. The drug works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, helping to improve concentration. It can also help reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression. When combined with other treatments such as behavioral therapy, methylphenidate may be an effective treatment for ADHD. Methylphenidate is a drug that blocks transporters that are normally responsible for removing these neurotransmitters from the brain. The medication can cause a slight increase in heart rate and blood pressure. It can also cause a rapid change in blood sugar levels, and diabetics should be careful when taking this medication. Talk to your doctor when you notice any of these signs. Methylphenidate can also trigger Raynaud's phenomenon which causes numbness in the fingers and feet. This is a rare side effect, however it is essential to inform your doctor if you have these symptoms. There is a concerns that methylphenidate may slow children's growth, however it hasn't been proved to be the situation. If your child is taking methylphenidate, make sure you be aware of their weight and height. If your child takes a methylphenidate tablet and phenylalanine is present, it could pose a risk to children suffering from Phenylketonuria. Ask your doctor about a different formulation of methylphenidate if you have PKU. Some people have difficulty with stimulants which are the most popular choice of medication for treating ADHD. In these instances, doctors may prescribe other medications that work similarly. Besides methylphenidate, there are other stimulants, such as dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine. These are more powerful than methylphenidate and may last longer. These drugs are typically taken at least three times a day however some individuals may be able to take them more often. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD, but these are less effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also known as the brand name Strattera, is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration and reduces hyperactivity as well as impulsiveness. It is part of a class known as selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It works by boosting levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, two chemical messengers which regulate brain's activity. It is popular among children and adults who want a different medication than stimulants such as Adderall or Vyvanse. It is important to know that atomoxetine isn't a drug that works instantly. It can take up 6 weeks before the effects of this medication are evident. In addition, you may be afflicted by side effects such as diminished appetite, drowsiness and stomach upset. For most patients, the advantages of taking atomoxetine far outweigh any risks. The efficacy of atomoxetine has been verified in a double-blind, multisite placebo-controlled study involving 297 ADHD patients aged 12 to 18. Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine, a daily dose of 0.6 mg per kilogram or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo over 9 weeks. adhd depression medication and the placebo group experienced a decrease in the symptoms of depression. The atomoxetine group saw more improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However the improvement was not as dramatic (Michelson et al 2001). In a separate open study in another open trial, 10 patients with ADHD who were unable to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine over 8 weeks. The atomoxetine group demonstrated improved ADHD symptoms when compared to the placebo group with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version as well as the Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale gaining significant. One patient had to withdraw due to a eruption. In addition, three patients reported intermittent gastrointestinal problems and one patient reported fatigue that was more severe (Kratochvil and co., 2005). Talk to your doctor prior to you start treatment with atomoxetine regarding your medical history, which includes any medications or supplements you are taking. This includes herbal remedies and over-the-counter medications. It is particularly important to inform your doctor if there is narrow-angle glaucoma, thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor or high blood pressure, heart disease or an unusually sudden death. You should avoid Atomoxetine in addition to in the event that you've taken an MAO inhibitor, such isocarboxazid or linezolid within the last 14 days, or rasagiline Methylene Blue Injection phenelzine or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion is a non-stimulant medication that can aid in reducing symptoms of ADHD. It also helps to reduce impulsivity and boost concentration, but it does not affect the brain in the same way as stimulants. Only prescriptions are accepted. Your doctor will decide the most effective dosage for you. Bupropion is available in capsules and tablets. It is essential to take the medication exactly as directed. You may experience withdrawal symptoms if you stop suddenly. It's usually taken twice or three times a day with 4-6 hours between each dose. The dosage can vary between 100 mg twice or three times per day up to 150 mg three or four times a day. The drug is absorbed in the digestive tract and excreted into urine, meaning it can't enter breast milk. It can, however, be absorbed into the bloodstream and cause harm to other organs. Bupropion can increase your blood pressure, so it's important to monitor it frequently. In addition to improving the symptoms of ADHD In addition, bupropion may reduce depression. It is also a treatment for bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine receptors inside your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter, dopamine, from entering your brain. This helps to stabilize your mood. Bupropion can interact with other drugs, so it's important to inform your doctor of any other medications you're taking. It's essential to let your doctor know that you have any allergies. You should also avoid caffeine or other stimulants, which can make the side effects more severe. Numerous studies have compared bupropion to placebos in adults suffering from ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed, and the majority of studies were not well-designed. Additionally, many excluded people with psychiatric comorbidity. The data indicate that bupropion can have an impact on ADHD. More research is needed to determine the positive effects for patients, including an improvement in quality of living. Before effective treatments can be developed it is essential to have a better understanding of the molecular causes of ADHD. This requires a deeper understanding of the interplay between molecular pathways. Furthermore, it's essential to know how various anti-ADHD medications work with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants When the stimulants prescribed for children suffering from ADHD aren't effective or cause adverse side effects, doctors may look to antidepressants for treatment. These medications, like imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor), increase the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which help people focus. These older drugs may cause serious adverse negative effects. They are usually only employed when other drugs fail. The first choice of antidepressants for depression is usually a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) such as fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram and escitalopram. However, tricyclic antidepressants, that have been in use for a long time, can be used in certain situations. These medications are effective in treating neuropathic and other pains, but their antidepressant effect is not the same. They enhance the noradrenephrine receptor through blocking its reuptake, and they also act as descending moderators for pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs have lower risks of toxicity and less serious side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. Additionally, they're safe in the womb and do not appear to cause teratogenicity in animals or humans. If abruptly stopped, they can cause withdrawal symptoms that are severe. To minimize these adverse effects, your physician may suggest reducing the dose gradually over several weeks. Bupropion, an antidepressant commonly that is prescribed off-label for treating ADHD, is not FDA approved as a treatment for adhd. It is believed to work by increasing neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine or dopamine in the brain, which enhances concentration. It is also known to relieve stress and anxiety. It can be combined with stimulants to produce quicker and lasting results. Although there aren't any other FDA-approved nonstimulant drugs for ADHD however, many people find relief with the use of dietary supplements and herbs. A diet low on fat and sugar can aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. Some people may also benefit from staying clear of caffeine. Inform your doctor about all medicines you or your child take, including herbal remedies and over-the-counter medicines. This will avoid interactions and minimize unwanted side effects. ADHD medications can affect every person differently, and it's often a process of trial and error to discover the right drug and dosage for you or your child.